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| Name | Description | Region | Extra info | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| E. aemulans | This cycad occurs between Louwsburg and Ngome in Northern KwaZulu-Natal.The habitat is short grassland growing on south-facing slopes in full sun. The stem can grow up to 3 metres tall with dark glossy-green leaves erect to spreading and 1.20- 1.45m long. | South Africa , KwaZulu-Natal | |||
| E. altensteinii | This Eastern Cape cycad grows along the east coast from the Busmans River in the south to as far north as the border of KwaZulu-Natal. It also occurs inland, up to 40km from the coast near Komga, Kei Road and King William’s Town. Vegetation varies from shade to full sun. Plants growing in shade will produce recurving leaves of 2-3m in length, while plants in full sun (typical) produce shorter, erect to gently recurving leaves. The leaves are mid-green in colour. These cycads may grow up to 4m tall. | South Africa , Eastern Cape | |||
| E. aplanatus | This cycad grows in the North-eastern part of Swaziland, in full shade and dry riverine forest. The stem is solitary with the apex exposed above ground level and produces fewer leaves (4-5) than the E.Villosus (8-10). | South Africa , Woodland in Eastern Swaziland | |||
| E. arenarius | This cycad is restricted to coastal dune forest and bush vegetation in the Alexandria district, north-east of Port Elizabeth. The leaves range from dark green in colour to a bluish shade, 1-1.5m long with stems up to 2m tall recorded. This cycad will do well in full sun or semi-shade. | South Africa , Eastern Cape |
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| E. brevifoliolatus | This cycad grows on quartzite-derived sandstone in short grassland and in full sun. The leaves are dark green, up to 1m long with stems up to 4m tall. This is a highly endangered specie and availability is extremely limited. | South Africa , Limpopo | |||
| E. caffer | This cycad occurs in the coastal districts of the Eastern Cape. The stem is subterranean, reaching approximately 40cm. It can be grown in full sun to semi-shade with leaves olive green to dark green, 40-90cm long. Two distinct leaf forms, the “ruffled" leaf form and the more typical “neater" – looking erect leaf form. | South Africa , Eastern Cape, Transkei | |||
| E. cerinus | This cycad grows on quartzite-derived sandstone in short grassland and in full sun. The leaves are dark green, up to 1m long with stems up to 4m tall. This is a highly endangered specie and availability is extremely limited. | South Africa , Northern KwaZulu-Natal | |||
| E. cupidus | This cycad currently grows in the Blyderivierspoort reserve – Mpumalanga, mostly in full sun on east and north-eastern facing cliffs. The bluish-green leaves are up to 1m long, with stems mostly subterranean reaching approximately 20 cm in height. | South Africa , Mpumalanga | |||
| E. cycadifolius | A small cycad which is restricted to the Winterberg Mountain range in the Cradock and Bedford districts of the Eastern Cape. This cycad can withstand icy winters and hot summers and grows in full sun on east facing slopes. A very slow crowing cycad with leaves, dark olive-green and stems up to 1.5m tall. | South Africa , Bedford, Eastern Cape | |||
| E. dolomiticus | This cycad grows on dolomite rock formations in the Northern Province Drakensberg range. The stem is well-developed and often suckering from the base. Leaves are strongly glaucous green to blue, 60 – 80cm long, with stems reaching 1.5m in length. | South Africa , Limpopo | |||
| E. dyerianus | This cycad is known from one single locality in the Northern Province lowveld near the small town of Mica. A handsome, undemanding and easily grown cycad, which grows in full sun. Leaves are blue, turning green with age. Stems are up to 4m tall. | South Africa , Northern Province | |||
| E. eugene-maraisii | This cycad is restricted to mountainous areas of the Waterberg- Limpopo, growing in sandstone hills and rocky ridges in full sun. The leaves are greyish green 1 – 1.5m long with stems up to 4m tall. | South Africa , North-West Waterberg, Northern Province | |||
| E. ferox | Found in the sandy soils of Northern KwaZulu-Natal to Inhambane in Mozambique. This cycad grow well in sunny and shady positions, the shade plants producing darker, more luxuriant foliage. The leaves are dark green, 1-2m in length, erect to spreading. The stem can grow up to 1.5m tall. | South Africa , Northern KwaZulu-Natal | |||
| E. friderici-guillielmi | This cycad is found in the high altitude grasslands of Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal. Although it experiences harsh growing conditions in its natural habitat, it is very adaptable to different climatic conditions. A slow growing cycad with leaves just over 1m and stems up to 4m tall | South Africa , Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal | |||
| E. ghellinckii | There are two distinct forms of E. ghellinckii – the robust montane form occurring at altitudes of 1100 to 1800m in the KwaZulu-Natal Drakensberg and a lowland form which occurs at lower altitudes in the foothills of the Drakensberg in the catchment of the Umkomaas river. These cycads grow on steep, grassy slopes and on rocky outcrops, in full sun. The leaves are up to 1 metre long in both forms, having the same leaf texture and a light green to dark green colour. The stems are up to 3 meters tall which may well be thousands of years old. | South Africa , KwaZulu-Natal | |||
| E. heenanii | Found in the mountainous regions between Baberton and Swaziland border. The leaves are 1-1.3,m long with leaflet pairs characteristically reflexed from the rachis in a downward pointing V, dark green in colour. Mature plants may have as many as five stems up to 2.5m tall. | South Africa , Mpumalanga and Swaziland | |||
| E. hirsutus | This cycad is known in only three localities in the Northern Province. They grow in hot, dry riverine valleys on south-eastern facing quartzite cliffs. The leaves are blue-grey, held erect to spreading with the apex recurving slightly, 1.1 – 1.2 m long. Stems are up to 4m tall. | South Africa , Limpopo | |||
| E. horridus | E. horridus is found most commonly on ridges and slopes located in rocky soils, semi-arid parts of the Eastern Cape, between Port Elizabeth and Uitenhage. The silvery-blue leaves are up to 1m long and often sharply recurved towards the tip, looking stiff and spiny. The stems grow up to 1m tall. | South Africa , Eastern Cape | |||
| E. humilis | This low growing cycad is the smallest of all the Encephalartos species and occurs in the mountainous districts of Machadodorp and Nelspruit where it grows in the grassy rock terrain on east and north-east facing slopes in full sun. The leaves are bluish- green, 30-50cm long with stems not exceeding 60cm. | South Africa , Mpumalanga | |||
| E. inopinus | This cycad occurs in the valleys of the Olifants and Steelpoort rivers in Mpumalanga. It has distinctive feathery blue-green foliage, covered with a silver powdery bloom. The leaves are 0.8m – 1.2m long and the papery bark stem grows up to 4m tall. | South Africa , Limpopo | |||
| E. laevifolius | This cycad has a distribution from KwaZulu-Natal and Mpumalanga to Limpopo Province. The leaves range from blue-grey to green with stems up to 4m tall. A slow growing cycad favouring sunny positions. | South Africa , Mpumalanga, Limpopo and Swaziland | |||
| E. lanatus | Distributed over the Olifants River catchment area in the Bronkhorstspruit, Witbank and Middelburg districts of Gauteng. The habitat has typically hot summers and icy winters were this cycad grows in full sun. The leaves are blue-grey to blue-green 60-80cm long. the stems are up to 1.5m long but old reclining specimens can reach up to 3m in length. | South Africa , Mpumalanga and Gauteng | |||
| E. latifrons | E. latifrons is very rare and found in one restricted habitat in the Bathurst and Albany district in the Eastern Cape. It grows in thick bush but often along dry river courses. A slow growing cycad with olive-green, prickly leaves, 1-1,5m long with stems up to 3m tall. | South Africa , Eastern Cape | |||
| E. lebomboensis | This cycad has a wide distribution ranging from Mpumalanga, Swaziland to KwaZulu-Natal. Various leaf forms exist. The Piet Retief form has incurving rather than erect and recurving leafs and occurs in the catchment area of the Pongola river. The senticosus was described in 1995 originating from the Lembombo Mountain Range in Swaziland. Leaves are erect, to gently recurving towards the apex, 1-1.5m long. The stems are erect but more often procumbent up to 4m in length. | South Africa , Mpumalanga | |||
| E. lehmannii | This cycad has been described as the hardiest, most drought resistant of the South African species. They are located in stoney soils on the eastern edge of the arid Karoo. The leaves are blue, 1- 1,5m long and the stems grow up to 2m tall. | South Africa , Karoo | |||
| E. longifolius | This cycad occur close to the coast near Jubertina in the Langkloof, as well as eastwards to Humansdorp, Uitenhage and Grahamstown. It grows in full sun on or among sandstone outcorps and fynbos covered slopes. Leaves are dark green in colour while plants from the Joubertina habitats have bluish-green leaves. Although foliage does vary in colour, the length remains at 1-1,75m . The stems grow up to 4.5m tall. | South Africa , Eastern Cape | |||
| E. middelburgensis | An attractive blue leaved cycad occurring in a number of fragmented colonies in the Middelburg, Groblersdal and Bronkhorstspruit districts. Various leaf forms exist depending on locality. The blue-grey leaves are straight, 1.1-1.8m long with stems up to 7m tall. | South Africa , Mpumalanga | |||
| E. msinganus | This cycad grow on the Msingatop in the Tugela Ferry district of KwaZulu-Natal. These plants grow in shade and full sun. The leaves are 1.1-1.5.m long, straight to somewhat recurving with stems up to 7m tall, erect to leaning. | South Africa , Kwa-Zulu Natal | |||
| E. natalensis | There are a considerable number of recorded leaf variations found within the E.natalensis complex. This cycad occurs from the Transkei, through KwaZulu Natal to as far north as the Vryheid district. The leaves are green,1.3-3.2m long and are usually straight although sometimes with a recurving umbrella-like foliage. The stems can grow up to 7m tall. | South Africa , Kwa-Zulu Natal | |||
| E. ngoyanus | This cycad grow in the Ngoye Forest in KwaZulu -Natal. Colonies also grow near Mkuze, Ubombo and north of the Jozini Dam. Colonies along the Mpumalanga-Swaziland border have also been recorded. The leaves are glossy green, soft in texture and 0.6-1.1m long, with usually single stems up to 30cm long. | South Africa , Northern Kwa-Zulu Natal | |||
| E. nubimontanus | This cycad grows in a small area in the Northern Province, where the remaining plants cling to sheer cliff-faces. Several forms of E. nubimontanus exist with leaflets ranging from entire, to very thorny, with stems up to 2m tall. | South Africa , Limpopo | |||
| E. paucidentatus | This cycad grows in the last remaining remnants of indigenous, evergreen forests within the Mpumalanga region. The leaves are dark green, 1.5-2m in length, erect to spreading with the tips curving gently upwards and inwards. The stems are robust and erect and up to 6m tall. | South Africa , Mpumalanga | |||
| E. princeps | This cycad grows among dolerite cliffs and rocky outcrops along the valleys of the Great Kei River in the Eastern Cape. It also occurs In certain localities along the Kabousie River in the Komga district. The habitat consist of thick, low bush and grass with hot summers and cool winters, but icy-cold on the higher grounds of the Stutterheim district. The foliage is blue-green, mostly exposed to full sun. The leaves become greyish-blue with age and reach up to 1.3m in length. Stems are erect or reclining up to 5m long. | South Africa , Eastern Cape | |||
| E. senticosus | This cycad occurs on the Lebombo Range, from the Siteki district in Swaziland, southwards to the Jozini Dam where it occurs along the summit of the Lebombo Mountains in the north of KwaZulu-Natal. It grows mostly in full sun. The mid-green leaves are straight and rigid, held erect to spreading when new leaves emerge. Stems are erect and up to 4m tall, but may lean with age. | South Africa , Kwa-Zulu Natal and Swaziland | |||
| E. transvenosus | This cycads is one of the tallest species on the African continent. Its’ distribution range encompasses a wide area along the Great Escarpment, from the Letaba district north to the Soutpansberg. These cycads grow in frost-free winters and warm, humid summers. The leaves are mid-green to olive green, erect to spreading and 1- 2.5m in length. The huge trunks are erect to reclining, reaching lengths up to 5.5-8.5m and 10-13m respectively. | South Africa , Limpopo | |||
| E. trispinosus | This cycad grows in the valleys of the Bushmans and Great Fish Rivers in the Grahamstown, Bathurst and Alexandria districts of the Eastern Cape. Specimens growing in full sun produce attractive bluish-grey leaves. Various leaf forms occurs depending on locality and also leaf colour varies from population to population, ranging from bluish-grey to bluish-green. Leaves also vary in length 0.75-1.25m. Stems may reach 1-1.5m in length. | South Africa , Eastern Cape | |||
| E. umbeluziensis | This cycad is restricted to the catchment area of the Mbuluzi River, ranging from northern Swaziland to Maputo. This specie is restricted to drier forest environment usually found growing in the light shade of low scrub woodland.The leaves are dark green, 1-1.5m long and are erect. The stems are subterranean 34-40cm in length and rarely produce suckers. | South Africa , Swaziland and Mozambique | |||
| E. villosus | This cycad occurs from the East London district, northwards through KwaZulu-Natal into Swaziland and almost to the north-eastern border between Swaziland and Mozambique. The leaves are mid-green 1.2-2.5m long with large subterranean trunks. | South Africa , Eastern Cape to Swaziland | |||
| E. woodii | Originally from the Ngoye Forest of KwaZulu-Natal. It is now extinct in the wild. Fortunately this is the fastest growing species of Encephalartos and one of the most vigorous in cultivation. The leaves are 1.75-2.5m in length, recurving and spreading to form a typical umbrella canopy. Stems up to 5.5m have been recorded. | South Africa , Kwa-Zulu Natal | |||
| Stangeria. eriopus | A leathery- leaved fernlike cycad with a wide distribution from the northern borders of KwaZulu-Natal to as far south at Bathurst in the Eastern Cape. A slow growing cycad with a subterranean stem and leaves extremely varied in length, 25cm to 2m long. | South Africa , Eastern Cape and Kwa-Zulu Natal | |||